الإيْکونيس في مصر خلال عصر البطالمة من خلال الوثائق البردية والنقوش The “eikones” in Ptolemaic Egypt through Papyri and Inscriptions

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

Egypy

المستخلص

يتناول هذا البحث دراسة الإيْکونيس (αἱ εἰκόνες)، في مصر خلال عصر البطالمة من خلال الوثائق البردية والنقوش. "الإيکونيس" ومفردها ‘إيْکون‘(ἡ εἰκών)، هي کلمة مؤنثة تعنى تمثيل الشخص (أو المعبود) تمثيلاً شديد الشبه لهيئته الحقيقية، من خلال تصْويره على هيئة جدارية أو تمثال. ولقد بدأتُ الحديث عن هذا الموضوع من خلال دراسة المصطلح ودلالاته حسب وروده في المصادر الأدبية والوثائقية، خاصة الوثائق البردية والنقوش؛ للوقوف على طبيعة هذا المصطلح وتطور استخداماته داخل مصر، مع مقارنته مع مصطلح آخر حمل نفس الدلالة وهو مصطلح الأجالماتا. 
 
This paper deals with the study of ‘eikones’ (αἱ εἰκόνες), in Ptolemaic Egypt, through papyri and inscriptions. 'eikones' and its singular 'eikon' (ἡ εἰκών), is a feminine word which means to represent a person (or deity) very similar to his true shape, by depicting him as an image (relief) or statue. I started talking about this topic by studying the term and its connotations as it appears in literary and documentary sources, especially papyri documents and inscriptions. Trying to find out the nature of this term and the development of its uses inside Egypt, with a comparison with another term that bore the same connotation, which is the term agalmata (ἄγαλματα).

الكلمات الرئيسية


أولاً-قائمة الاختصارات:
AFP = Archiv für Papyrusforschung.
AJA = American Journal of Archaeology.
AJPh = The American Journal of Philology.
BIFAO = Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. 
GRBS = Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
HSCP = Harvard Studies in Classical Philology.
JASCSA = The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
JEA = The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology.
JHS = The Journal of Hellenic Studies.
REA = Revue des Études Anciennes.
ZPE = Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik.
ثانيًا- المصادر الأدبية:
1-        Diodorus Siculus., Bibliotheca Historica: Loeb Classical Library, 12 volumes, Greek texts and facing English translation, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1933 thru 1967.
2-        Herodotus, The Histories: with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920.
 
ثالثًا- الوثائق البردية:
 
1-        BGU: Aegyptische Urkunden aus den Königlichen (later Staatlichen) Museen zu Berlin, Griechische Urkunden. Berlin.
2-        P. Gen.: Les Papyrus de Genève. I, ed. J. Nicole. Geneva 1896—1906. Nos. 1—81. I, 2nd ed., ed. P.Schubert and I. Jornot with contributions by C. Wick. Geneva 2002.
3-        P. Köln: Kölner Papyri = P.Koeln, IX, ed. M. Gronewald and others. Opladen 2001.
4-        P. Münch.: Die Papyri der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek München, III, Griechische Urkundenpapyri der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek München, Part I, ed. U. and D. Hagedorn, R. Hübner and J.C. Shelton. Stuttgart 1986. Nos. 45—154.
5-        P. Tebt: The Tebtunis Papyri. London. I, ed. B.P. Grenfell, A.S. Hunt and J.G. Smyly. 1902. II, ed. B.P. Grenfell and A.S. Hunt. 1907. III, pt. I, ed. A.S. Hunt and J.G. Smyly, assisted by B.P. Grenfell, E. Lobel and M. Rostovtzeff. 1933. III, pt. II, ed. A.S. Hunt, J.G. Smyly and C.C. Edgar. 1938. IV, ed. J.G. Keenan and J.C. Shelton. 1976. V, ed. A. Verhoogt. Leiden and Boston 2005.
6-         SB: ammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten. (A collection of documentary papyri, ostraca, inscriptions, mummy tablets and related texts published in journals or unindexed catalogues. Begun by F. Preisigke in 1915, continued by F. Bilabel, E. Kiessling, and H.-A. Rupprecht). In progress.
رابعًا- النقوش:
1-        Milet Inscr = Albert Rehm, Inschriften von Milet: Das Delphinion in Milet, Volume 1, Issue 3 (Berlin:1914).
2-        OGIS = Dittenberger, Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae. 2 vols. Leipzig: 1903-1905.
3-        SEG: Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, 1989. Edited by H. W. Pleket , R. S. Stroud & others.
4-        Urkunden, II, 28-54 = Hieroglyphische Urkunden der Griechisch-Römischen Zeit I; II. Historisch-Biographische Urkunden aus den Zeiten der Makedonischen Könige und der Beiden Ersten Ptolemäer, ed. Kurt Sethe (Germany: Leipzig, 1904), 28-54.
خامسًا- الکتب المُعَرَّبة:
1- هِرُدُوت يتحدث عن مصر، ترجمة: محمد صقر خفاجة، تقديم: أحمد بدوي، ط3 (القاهرة: المرکز القومي للترجمة،  2018م).
1-      Hīrūdūt Ythdth 'en Misr, Trjmh/ Muhmmd Saqr Khfajh, Tqdym/ Ahmad Badwy, (al-Qahirah: Almrkz al-Qwmy lltrjmh, 2018).
سادسًا- المراجع الأجنبية:
1-      Bagnall, Roger S., and Derow, Peter, The Hellenistic Period: Historical Sources in Translation, Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
2-        Branko F. van Oppen de Ruiter, “The Death of Arsinoe II Philadelphus: The Evidence Reconsidered,” ZPE, 174 (2010): 139-150.
3-      Brugsch, Heinrich., “Die große Mendes-Stele aus der Zeit des zweiten Ptolemäers” in Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, vols XIII-XV, Germany: Leipzig, 1875.
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8-        Koonce, Kirsten, “Agalma and Eikwn” The American Journal of Philology ,109, no. 1 (1988): 108-110.
9-      Keesling, Catherine M.  “Greek Statue Terms Revisited: What does ἀνδριάς mean?” GRBS 57 (2017): 837–861.
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18-    Wilcken, Ulrich.,“Zu den griechischen Papyri der königlich bayerischen Hof- und Staatsbibliothek zu München,” Archiv für Papyrusforschung, 1, no. 3-4 (1901): 468-491.