التجسيد في ديوان التحولات لأوفيديوس Personifications in Ovid’s Metamorphoses

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

کلية الآداب، جامعة عين شمس

المستخلص

يتضمن ديوان التحولات لأوفيديوس أربع صور لتجسيدات مجازية، إنفيديا “الحسد” Invidia (II.760-832)، وفاميس "الجوع" Fames (VIII.777-822) وسومنوس "النوم" Somnus (XI.583-656) وفاما "الشائعات" Fama (XII. 39-63). يکشف أوفيديوس عن براعته في تصوير هذه الأفکار وإضفاء الحيوية عليها، ولقد أبدع کذلک في تصوير مقار إقامتها. بالتأکيد لا يمثل هذا تجديدًا من قبل أوفيديوس، نظرًا لأن هذه الأفکار المجردة سبق تناولها في التراث الأدبي السابق عليه. بيد أن الشاعر يُطوِّر، رغم ذلک، تلک الإشارات المتناثرة في التراث، مبتکرًا مشاهد موسعة، احتلت فيها هذه الأفکار موقعًا فريدًا، ولعبت دورًا مهمًا في تطور الأحداث. لم يسبق أوفيديوس في تصوير محال إقامة هذه التجسيدات المجازية أحدٌ غير هيسيودوس.
تهدف هذه الورقة العلمية إلى تحليل شامل لهذه التجسيدات المجازية الأربعة، وستقوم بعرض ما ورد في التراث الأدبي بشأن هذه التجسيدات مع إلقاء الضوء على تأثيراتها في أوفيديوس. وعقب تحليل وتصوير أوفيديوس لکل فکرة مجردة من هذه الأفکار، نقوم بدراسة وظائفها في المشهد الذي وردت فيه، ونجري في الوقت ذاته بعض المقارنات بين الأفکار الأربع.
 
Ovid’s Metamorphoses haveifour set-pieceiscenes iniwhich personifications, and theirieffects, are depicted atilength: Invidia “Envy” (II.760-832), Famesi“Hunger” (VIII.777-822), Somnusi “sleep” (XI.583-656) and Fama “Rumour” (XII. 39-63).
Ovid revealed his ingenuity inidescribing and enliveningithese abstract ideas. He also excellediin depicting ofitheir locus. This certainly does not represent aniinnovation from Ovid, as theseiabstract ideas wereialready dealt with in the previousiliteraryiheritage. Nevertheless, the poetideveloped these scattered allusions in the heritage, devising wideriscenes, in which theseiideas occupied a unique position, and played a significant roleiin the developmentiof events. No one before Ovid describedithe locus of theseiallegoricalipersonifications except Hesiod.
This paper aims to offerian overall analysisiof theseifour allegorical personifications, andiillustrate whatioccurred in literary heritage regarding these personificationsiwhile underlining their effectsion Ovid. Afterianalyzing Ovid’s description of each one of these abstract ideas, weiwill study theirifunctions in the scenes in which they appear, andiat the sameitime, we will make some comparisonsibetween the four ideas.
 

الكلمات الرئيسية

المراجع

أولًا- المصادر:
Aeschines. Speeches. Translated by C. D. Adams. Loeb Classical Library 106. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1919.
Apollonius Rhodius. Argonautica. Edited and translated by William H. Race. Loeb Classical Library 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Athenaeus. The Learned Banqueters, Volume IV: Books 8-10.420e. Edited and translated by S. Douglas Olson. Loeb Classical Library 235. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.
Callimachus, Lycophron, Aratus. Hymns and Epigrams. Lycophron: Alexandra. Aratus: Phaenomena. Translated by A. W. Mair, G. R. Mair. Loeb Classical Library 129. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1921.
Catullus, Tibullus. Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris. Translated by F. W. Cornish, J. P. Postgate, J. W. Mackail. Revised by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library 6. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1913.
Cicero. In Catilinam 1-4. Pro Murena. Pro Sulla. Pro Flacco. Translated by C. Macdonald. Loeb Classical Library 324. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976.
Cicero. On Ends. Translated by H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library 40. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914.
Cicero. On the Nature of the Gods. Academics. Translated by H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library 268. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1933.
Cicero. Rhetorica ad Herennium. Translated by Harry Caplan. Loeb Classical Library 403. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1954.
Etymologicum Magnum. Sylburg, Friedrich [Ed] . Etymologicon magnum, seu, Magnum grammaticae penu. In quo & originum & analogiae doctrina ex veterum sententia copiosissime proponitur. Volume 1 ony., Heidelberg, Commenlinus, 1594.
Euripides. Trojan Women. Iphigenia among the Taurians. Ion. Edited and translated by David Kovacs. Loeb Classical Library 10. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Hesiod. The Shield. Catalogue of Women. Other Fragments. Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most. Loeb Classical Library 503. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
Hesiod. Theogony. Works and Days. Testimonia. Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most. Loeb Classical Library 57. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
Homer. Iliad, Volume I: Books 1-12. Translated by A. T. Murray. Revised by William F. Wyatt. Loeb Classical Library 170. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1924.
Homer. Iliad, Volume II: Books 13-24. Translated by A. T. Murray. Revised by William F. Wyatt. Loeb Classical Library 171. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.
Homer. Odyssey, Volume I: Books 1-12. Translated by A. T. Murray. Revised by George E. Dimock. Loeb Classical Library 104. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1919.
Homer. Odyssey, Volume II: Books 13-24. Translated by A. T. Murray. Revised by George E. Dimock. Loeb Classical Library 105. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1919.
Ovid. Metamorphoses, Volume I: Books 1-8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library 42. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1916.
Ovid. Metamorphoses, Volume II: Books 9-15. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library 43. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1916.
Plautus. Stichus. Trinummus. Truculentus. Tale of a Travelling Bag. Fragments. Edited and translated by Wolfgang de Melo. Loeb Classical Library 328. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.
Plautus. ThemMerchant. The BraggarttSoldier. ThetGhost. ThetPersian. Edited andttranslated by Wolfgangtde Melo. LoebtClassical Library 163. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.
Propertius. Elegies. Edited and translated by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library 18. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.
Sophocles. Ajax. Electra. Oedipus Tyrannus. Edited and translated by Hugh Lloyd-Jones. Loeb Classical Library 20. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Sophocles. Antigone. The Women of Trachis. Philoctetes. Oedipus at Colonus. Edited and translated by Hugh Lloyd-Jones. Loeb Classical Library 21. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Stesichorus, Ibycus, Simonides. Greek Lyric, Volume III: Stesichorus, Ibycus, Simonides, and Others. Edited and translated by David A. Campbell. Loeb Classical Library 476. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.
Virgil. Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6. Translated by H. Rushton Fairclough. Revised by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library 63. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1916.
ثانيًا- المراجع:
Anderson, Williami S. Ovid’siMetamorphoses, Books 6-10. Norman, Universityi of Oklahoma Press, 1972.
Anderson,WilliamiS. Ovid'siMetamorphoses, Books 1–5.Norman: University ofiOklahoma Press, 1997.
Barchiesi,iAlessandro. “NarrativeiiiTechnique and Narratologyiin the Metamorphoses,” in The Cambridge iCompanion to iOvid, edited by iPhilip Hardie, 179-198. Cambridge: CambridgeiUniversity Press, 2002.
Barchiesi,iAlessandro.iOvidio.iMetamorfosi. Vol. 1: Libri I–II. Scrittoriigreci e latini. Milan: ArnaldoiMondadori, 2005.
Bömer, Franz.P. Ovidius Naso.iMetamorphosen. Buch VIII-IX.iKommentar. Heidelberg, Carli Winter, 1977.
Dickie,iMatthew W. “Ovid,iMetamorphoses 2.760-64.” AmericaniJournal of Philolgy 96 (1975): 378-390.
Fantham,iElaine. “Ovid's Ceyxiand Alcyone: TheiMetamorphosis of a Myth.” Phoenixi33 (1979): 330-345.
 Feeney, DenisiC. The Godsiin Epic: Poets andiCritics of theiClassical Tradition. Oxford:iClarendon Press, 1991.  
Griffin, AlaniH. F. “Erysichthoni- Ovid'siGiant?.”iGreece & Rome 33, no. 1 (1986): 54-63.
Γκιργκένης,ιΣταύρος.ιΗσίοδος. “Έργαι και ιΗμέραι”, “Θεογονία”, “Η ιασπίδα του Ηρακλή”.ιΕισαγωγή, μετάφραση, σχόλια,ιΘεσσαλονίκη:ιΖήτρος, 2001.
Hardie,iPhilip. "The Wordi Personified: Fame and iEnvy iin Virgil,iOvid, Spenser." Materiali e idiscussioni per il'analisi dei testiiclassici 61 (2009): 101-115.
Hardie, iPhilip. Ovid's iPoetics of iIllusion. Cambridge: Cambridge iUniversity Press, 2002.
Hardie,iPhilip. “Ovidian imiddles.” in Middles iin LatiniPoetry, edited by Stratis iKyriakidis and DeiFrancesco de Martino, 151-182. Bari: iLevante. Laird, A., 2004.
Hollis, AdrianiS.iOvid, MetamorphosesiBook VIII. Oxford: ClarendoniPress, 1970.
Hopkinson, iNeil.iCallimachus: Hymni to iDemeter. Cambridge:iCambridge University Press, 1984.
Janko,iRichard. Ομήρουι Ιλιάδα, Κείμενοικαι ερμηνευτικόιυπόμνημα: Τόμος Δ, Ραψωδίες Ν-Π. Μτφρ. ΗλίαςιΤσιριγκάκης, επιμ. ιΡεγκάκος Α. Θεσσαλονίκη: UniversityιStudioιPress, 2003.
Keith, AlisoniM. The Play ofiFictions: Studies iniOvid's “Metamorphoses.” Book 2. AnniArbor: Universityiof Michigan Press, 1992.
Kelly, Peter. “Voices within Ovid's House of Fama.” Mnemosyne 67 (2014): 65-92.
Kirk, GeoffreyiStephen. ΟμήρουιΙλιάδαιΤόμος ΑιΡαψωδίες Α-Δ, κείμενοικαι ερμηνευτικόιυπόμνημα. μτφρ. ΗλίαςιΤσιριγκάκης, επιμ. ΔανιήλιΙακώβ, Αντώνης ιΡεγκάκος.ιΘεσσαλονίκη: University Studio Press, 2003.
Koopman,iNiels. “Ancient Greek iEkphrasis: Between iDescription and Narration.”  PhD diss., Universiteit vaniAmsterdam, 2014.
Kyriakidis, iStratis Catalogues of iProper Names in iLatin Epici Poetry. Newcastle: Cambridge ScholarsiPublishing, 2007.
Lowe, Dunstan M. "Personification Allegory in the Aeneid and Ovid’s Metamorphoses." Mnemosyne 61 (2008): 414-435.
Maltby, Robert. A Lexicon of Ancient Latin Etymologies. Leeds: F Cairns, 1991.
Dickie, Matthew W. “Ovid, iMetamorphosesi2.760-64.” AmericaniJournal Philolgy i96 (1975): 378-390.
McKay, KennethiJohn.iErysichthon. A CallimacheaniComedy.iLeiden:iE. J. Brill, 1962.
Moore-Blunt, JenniferiJ. A Commentary oniOvidiMetamorphoses II. J. C. Gieben:iUithoorn, 1977.
Otis,iBrooks. Ovidias an EpiciPoet. Cambridge: CambridgeiUniversity Press, 1975.
Περάκη-Κυριακίδου,ιΕλένη. “Ζεύγηιδιπολικά: Η οβιδιανήιεκδοχή,” στο Τιμητικόςιτόμος για τονικαθηγητήιΔημήτρηιΛυπουρλή, επιμ. ιΔημητρίῳ Στέφανος ιμεττους Α.ιΒασιλειάδη, Π.ιΚοτζιάικαι Αιμ.ιΔ.ΜΜαυρουδή, 343-368. Θεσσαλονίκη η: UniversityίsStudioPPress,22004.
Pieriniidegl’ Innocenti, Rita. “Erisittoneiprima e dopoiOvidio.”iPrometheus 13 (1987): 133-159.
Rohde, Alfred. “De Ovidiiarte epica capitaiduo.” in LesiMetamorphoses d’ Ovideiet leurs modelesiGrecs, edited by GeorgesiLafaye, 1-64. Paris: F. Alcan, 1971.
Rosati,iGianpiero.ί“NarrativeίTechniquesiandίStructures,” in iMetamorphoses”, in Brill'siCompanionito Ovid, edited by WeideniBoyd B.,271-304.iLeiden : Briil, 2002.
Shiaele, Maria. “Personification in Ovid's Metamorphoses: Invidia, Fames, Somnus, Fama.” PhD diss., University of Leeds, 2012.
Skempis,iMarios. “Erysichthonider J¨ager: SSH 970.22 undiCall. Cer. 81–2.” Mnemosynei61(2008): 365–85.
Solodow,iJoseph B. The Worldiof Ovid'siMetamorphoses. Chapel Hill and London: Universityiof NorthiCarolina Press, 1988.
ThalmanniWilliam. Conventions ofiForm and Thoughtiin Early GreekiEpic Poetry. Baltimore, MD andiLondon: JohnsiHopkinsiUniversity Press, 1984.
Thomas,Richardi F. Virgil iGeorgics: vol. 2. Books iIII–IV. Cambridge: CambridgeiUniversity Press,1988.
Tissol,iGarth. The Face ofiNature: Wit.iNarrative, andiCosmic Originsiin Ovid's iMETAMORPHOSES. Princeton. Princeton University Press, 1997.
Tissol,iGarth. “The House ofiFame: Roman Historyiand AugustaniPoliticsiin Metamorphosesi11-15,” in Brill'siCompanion to Ovid, editedibyiWeideniBoyd B., 305-335.Leiden:iBrill, 2002.
Χρηστίδης, ΔημήτρηςιΑ. Λουκιανός, 1.ιΣάτιραιθανάτου και κάτωικόσμου. Θεσσαλονίκη: ΕκδόσειςιΖήτρος, 2002

ملفات

شارك

إرسال الاستشهاد إلى

الإحصائيات