Star Pattern on Mamluk Enameled Glass

The Muslim artist had made his surpass in discovering a group of geometric designs that form what one might term "star patterns" by assembling geometric patterns with each other. The word star pattern, ṭabaq nağmīis not known in the main sources and Mamluk documents. Instead, the word ḍarb ḫaīyṭ is used to refer to this type of patterns like saying (minbar ḍarb ḫaīyṭ) or referring to a plated door (nuḥās ḍarb ḫaīyṭ) or referring to each geometric element solely like (aḫīyāṭ) of hexagons, octagons, decagons. It is also a terminology used by the masters of crafts referring to a type of geometric designs either on wood or marble or others.
This paper focused on the description of the geometrical composition of a complete star pattern. The first recognizable examples of star patterns made its appearance in the Middle East as early as the beginning of the 2^nd century AH / 8^th century AD. Two examples of enameled glass vessels are mentioned, one during the Mamluk period which are decorated with star patterns and another example of a gilded and enameled glass candlestick in Egypt, which is probably dated to 740-765 AH/1340- 1365 AD; the paper also focused on the uses of gilding and red enamel,and how the decorative techniques of star patterns on enameled glass are also how the internal decorations inside star pattern elements on glass work are.