Reasons and Symbolism Many Deities Take the Same Animal form In Ancient Egyptian Religious Thought

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Egyptology Department- Faculty of Archaeology- Ain Shams University- Cairo-Egypt

Abstract

Many deities share the same form, with the presence of some simple symbols that distinguish one from the other, and despite the differences in names, centers of worship, and the roles played by each of them, the purpose of this study is to examine each group of deities that shared the same form and thus to search for the common factor that brings them together so that they take the same form despite their different names, roles, and centers of worship. Perhaps the participation of many deities in the same form is due to what that form represents in the concept of the ancient Egyptian or what this form symbolizes in his thought. Perhaps that symbolism is what made the ancient Egyptians. The multiplicity of deities of the same form is not viewed as a matter of overlap but rather is treated as a natural matter based on the concept that a single symbolism is what brings them together.

Keywords

References

المراجع العربية:
محمد أحمد عبد الرحمن محمد. "اسم "حسات" ونعوتها حتى نهاية الدولة الحديثة."  أبيدوس 2 (2020): 59-71.
Muḥammad Aḥmad ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad. "ism" ḥsāt "wnʻwthā ḥattá nihāyat al-dawlah al-ḥadīthah." Abīdūs 2 (2020) : 59-71.
مروة حلمي. "مناظر البقرة في الكتب الجنائزية خلال الدولة الحديثة". رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، كلية الأداب، جامعة عين شمس، القاهرة، مصر 2022.
Marwah Ḥilmī. "manāẓir al-Baqarah fī al-Kutub al-janāʼizīyah khilāl al-dawlah al-ḥadīthah". Risālat mājistīr ghayr manshūrah, Kullīyat al-Ādāb, Jāmiʻat ʻAyn Shams, al-Qāhirah, Miṣr 2022.
منى أبو المعاطي النادي. "البنوة والأمومة فى مجمع الآلهة المصرية القديمة".  رسالة دكتوراه غير منشورة، قسم الآثار المصرية، كلية الأثار، جامعة القاهرة، الجيزة، مصر 2006.
Muná Abū al-Maʻāṭī al-Nādī. "albnwh wa-al-Umūmah fī Majmaʻ al-ālihah al-Miṣrīyah al-qadīmah". Risālat duktūrāh ghayr manshūrah, Qism al-Āthār al-Miṣrīyah, Kullīyat al-Āthār, Jāmiʻat al-Qāhirah, al-Jīzah, Miṣr 2006.
وفاء عبد المنعم ابراهيم. "مناظر التعويذة السابعة عشر من كتاب الموتى وتطورها حتى العصرين اليوناني والروماني". رسالة دكتوراة غير منشورة، قسم الآثار المصرية، كلية الآثار، جامعة القاهرة، الجيزة، مصر، 2015.
Wafāʼ ʻAbd al-Munʻim Ibrāhīm. "manāẓir altʻwydhh al-sābiʻah ʻashar min Kitāb al-mawtá wa-taṭawwuruhā ḥattá al-ʻaṣrayn al-Yūnānī wa-al-Rūmānī". Risālat duktūrāh ghayr manshūrah, Qism al-Āthār al-Miṣrīyah, Kullīyat al-Āthār, Jāmiʻat al-Qāhirah, al-Jīzah, Miṣr, 2015.
المراجع الأجنبية:
Adams, Barbara. Ancient Nekhen : Garstang in the city of Hierakonpolis. London :SIA Publishing, 1995.
Adams, Barbara. The fort cemetery at Hierakonpolis: Excavated by John Garstang. London: Routledge, 1987.
Altenmüller, Brigitte. Synkretismus in Den Sargtexten. GOF 7, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1975.
Assmann, Jan. Ägypten Theologie und Frömmigkeit einer frühen Hochkultur. Köln: kohlhammer, 1984.
Aufrere, Sydney & Jean-Claude Golvin. "Montou et le palladium thébain.", in L'Égypte restituée, sites et temples de Haute Égypte, 142-147. Paris: Éditions Errance, 1991.
Badawe, Ahmed. Der Gott Chnum. Germany: GluckStadt, 1937.
Beatty, Mario H. “The Image of Celestial Phenomena”. PhD thesis, department of African American studies, Temple University, 1998.
Burgess, Martin & Anthony J.Arkell. “The Reconstruction of the Hathor Bowl.” JEA 44 (1958): 6-11.
Drioton, Étienne. "Les quatre Montou de Médamoud: palladium de Thèbes." CdE 6 (1931): 259-270.
Meltzer, Edmund S. “Horus”: In The Ancient Gods Speak: A guide to Egyptian religion, edited by: Donald. B. Redford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
El-Saddik, Wafaa & Sabah Abdel Razek, Anubis, Upwawet, and other Deities: Personal Worship and Official Religion in Ancient Egypt. Catalogue of the Exhibition at the Egyptian Museum. Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2007.
Erman, Adolf and Hermann Grapow. Wörterbuch der Agyptischen Sprache, 7. Vols.  Akademie Verlag: Berlin, 1971.
Faulkner, Raymond. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press,1968.
Hollis, Susan T. Five Egyptian Goddesses. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019.
Parkinson, Ropert B. The Tale of Sinuhe and Other Ancient Egyptian Poems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Pinch, Geraldine. Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Pinch, Geraldine. Votive Offering to Hathor. Oxford: Griffith Institute: Ashmolean Museum, 1993.
Radwan, Aly. “Die Göttin Hathor.“ OLA 149 (2006): 275-286.
Redford, Donald B. (ed.),  The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. 3 vols.,  Cairo : The American University Press, 2001.
Shaw, Ian. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Troy, Lana. Patterns of Queenship in Ancient Egyptian Myth and History. Boreas 14, Uppsala: Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1986.
Van De Mieroop, Marc. History of Ancient Egypt. Wiley: Blackwell, 2010.
Vincent, Rondot & Gabolde Luc. "Le temple de Montou n’était pas un temple à Montou"(Karnak-Nord 1990-1996).” BSFE 136 (1996): 136, 27-41.
Warkentin, Elizabeth. R. Looking beyond the Image. Memphis University: ProQuest, 2018.
Wilkinson, Richard H. The complete gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2003.
Wüthrich, Annik A. ”Ihet, celle qui engendre le dieu solaire“, in  Aere perennius: mélanges égyptologiques en l'honneur de Pascal Vernus, OLA 242, edited by: Phillipe Collombert & etal, 895-913. Leuven: Peeters, 2016.
Wüthrich, Annik A. Eléments de théologie thébaine : les chapitres supplémentaires du Livre des Morts. SAT 16, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics